Thursday, June 16, 2016

The Purpose of STEM in Education


According to the federal Committee on STEM Education, the future is in the hands of STEM--science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professionals who will find solutions to the needs of a growing population and the complex systems with which it interacts.

In response, educators are working to develop interest in STEM career opportunities to meet the demands of labor projections that show STEM careers outpacing other career paths. In addition to job growth, STEM has become a national tagline for improving the economy and the quality of life in our nation and around the world. Just search STEM online, and you will find its significance is far-reaching.



Source:  National Science Foundation, "STEM Education Data and Trends 2014."

Purpose

Building more interest in STEM careers goes beyond traditional education paradigms; doing what we have done will not increase students' interest in these career paths. Instead, educators are tasked with reforming educational settings to create a context that allows for long-term interdisciplinary and inquiry-based projects that build students' skills as they create students' sense of efficacy and interest in pursuing STEM degrees and professional opportunities in STEM fields. To that end, this site addresses how a small cohort of teachers can implement a STEM-based interdisciplinary curriculum.

For three years, I’ve taught during a STEM summer camp for middle school students, but it's important for you to know that I am not a science teacher:  I teach high school language arts. Each year during camp, I see ways that language arts could be incorporated into the science content to add another dimension, one that results in a description of processes or a problem-solution rationale or and an evaluation and reflection of results, in addition to the potential to publish findings for an outside audience willing to critique and evaluate students' work. So, my perspective of STEM education is from the outside looking in.

Perhaps it is this perspective that shapes my understanding and urgency to involve my curricula with STEM, creating interdisciplinary learning opportunities for students. In addition to building more relevance with my discipline, the transfer of skills can reinforce learning in science, as well.

My school, like many, has a local community of working scientists with which we can collaborate, building relationships with stakeholders. In three years, my school will have a new building based on open-classroom concepts, and teachers will need to adapt to a new learning environment, so I believe that we need to begin altering our curricula now to accommodate these impending changes and experience success rather than frustration when we make this shift.

For these reasons, the local and the national, I propose this model interdisciplinary STEM project for inclusion in the science and language arts curricula next year.

Audience

If you are a teacher who needs to “imagine” herself working in different roles in the classroom, this model will offer several paradigms to move you from your stage in front of students to your guide beside them.

If you are a parent or community stakeholder, we need your expertise and access to resources. We invite you to participate as evaluators of the final projects or to provide feedback about the content and processes of the project.

If you are an administrator who is concerned about the "politics" of this shift in teaching and learning, please visit the classrooms and talk with teachers and students about their experiences. This will help you develop talking points and evidence for any criticisms of the program, as well as prepare to lead teachers in the shift to an open-concept environment.

Finally, if you are a student, you are the most important participant on this journey and your voice needs to be heard. As you participate in this new learning context and use the materials and supports that my colleagues and I provide, please be candid and suggest helpful revisions that could be made to produce better results and meet the needs of all students.

Resources 

Throughout this site, I have shared and bookmarked sites and examples that will help all of us develop a more concrete idea about the look and feel of a long-term interdisciplinary STEM project. I've included research about best practices and curricular topics, standards, resources, timelines, and outcomes. Please reference these sources for more information or utilize them in your own practice. I will continue to update them and add new ones that further the conversation, but please use the comment feature to suggest sources of your own. 





Final Comment

Teachers are amazing beings: adaptable, creative, persevering, generous, eager to meet new challenges with vigor and optimism. That is my professional experience and the reader I had in mind for this blog.


At the same time, our experiences and skills differ widely, so broad resources are necessitated to create relevance and impact from this work. Please peruse the content and use what is most important to your students and your practice. Suggest other content or ideas where you feel they are missing, and post questions to fuel a collaborative discussion about STEM curriculum and implementation.


My hope someday is to generate a response that validates this work and demonstrates that STEM education has been made more important through this personal endeavor. Students have always been the motivation, and I am certain that mine will become more well-rounded and have a better perspective on the future through my work in the realm of STEM.


Sincerely,


Leslie Shinaver
STEM Advocate
ELA, Drama, and Yearbook Teacher
Quantico Middle/High School
Quantico, Virginia

Bibliography

Many resources referenced on this site are listed below. Complete citations are provided to ensure their accessibility if hyperlinks fail to function.


Beichner, Robert J. “Student-Centered Activities for Large-Enrollment University Physics (SCALE-UP)." North Carolina State University, 2003. Print.



Buckingham, David. "Digital Media Literacies: rethinking media education in the age of the Internet." Research in Comparative and International Education 2.1 (2007): 43-55. Print.

Building Your Roadmap to 21st Century Learning Environments.” Partnership for 21st Century Learning, Cable Impacts Foundation, 2015. Print.


Literacy for the 21st Century.” Center for Media Literacy, 2003. Print.


Gee, James Paul. “New People in New Worlds:  Networks, the New Capitalism and Schools.” Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the Design of Social Futures. NY: Routledge, 2002. Print.


Jenkins, Henry, et al. "Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education
for the 21st Century." MacArthur Foundation. 2009. Print.


Spirnak, Brent. “The Bike Tour.” High Tech High: Projects. High Tech High. ND. Web. 19 June 2016.


Sturken, Marita, and Lisa Cartwright. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual
Culture. Oxford University Press. 2012. Print.


Taylor, Mark L. "Generation Next Comes to College: 2006 Updates and Emerging Issues." The Future-Focused Organization: Focusing on the Needs and Expectations of Constituents. The Higher Learning Commission. 2006. Print.

Trend, David. "Politics, Technology, and School." Welcome to Cyberschool: Education at the Crossroads in the Information Age. Rowman and Littlefield. 2001. Print.





Open-Concept Learning

Open-Concept Learning Environments

STEM education involves collaboration and use of technology to the extent that individual desks arranged in rows are not conducive to the sharing and manipulation of resources that must happen for STEM learning to take place. Refitting learning environments into more functional spaces changes the way the teachers and students work in the classroom and up-end many of the assumptions about leadership and learning that are founded on traditional classroom structures. 

Open-concept learning environments are in use in hundreds of schools, from elementary through college, and achieve positive results in student achievement and growth. The shift to this new environment requires a re-tooling of physical spaces and a renegotiation of the roles served by individuals who occupy that space. Below are links to resources that will help a teacher or students transition to this new environment and experience 21st century learning skills.




Resources

Scale Up (Student-Centered Active Learning Environments with Upside-Down Pedagogies)

A working open-concept classroom in a university setting is a good model for the potential to integrate technology and group learning in an educational setting. This site helps educators, administrators, and stakeholders visual how learning is facilitated using this model.

Digital Media and Research Skills

Because STEM learning utilizes technology and many online sites and resources, students must become adept at navigating and utilizing credible information from a variety of sources on the Web. As a result, a curricular component that must be addressed before, during, and after the culmination of a project is digital media literacy.

Literacy as it relates to digital media incorporates the analysis of media to understand its messages but also to produce content using media, which is often the platform for final projects. If students learn to interpret content online or in images or data sets, they are better able to reproduce content that is multimodal and effectively communicates their purposes and outcomes. These resources provide the theoretical framework for media literacy curriculum, as well as content to develop meaningful activities within the classroom. 


Digital Media Theory Resources

Buckingham, David. "Digital Media Literacies: rethinking media education in the age of the Internet." Research in Comparative and International Education 2.1 (2007): 43-55. Print.

Handa, Carolyn. "Visual Rhetoric in a Digital World." Intertexts: Reading Pedagogy in College Classrooms. Ed. Marguerite Helmers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003. 107-130.

Taylor, Mark L. "Generation Next Comes to College: 2006 Updates and Emerging Issues." The Future-Focused Organization: Focusing on the Needs and Expectations of Constituents. The Higher Learning Commission. 2006. Print.

Trend, David. "Politics, Technology, and School." Welcome to Cyberschool: Education at the Crossroads in the Information Age. Rowman and Littlefield. 2001. Print.


Digital Media Curricular Resources

Jenkins, Henry, et al. "Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century." MacArthur Foundation. 2009. Print.

Sturken, Marita, and Lisa Cartwright. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. Oxford University Press. 2012. Print.

Thoman, Elizabeth, and Tessa Jolls. "Literacy for the 21st Century:  Part 1, Theory." Center for Media Literacy. MediaLit.org. 2003. Print.




Project Resources

Because teachers lack time to develop new content and resources for existing classes, adding new curricula is often not prioritized. This section contains ready-to-use resources for implementation whether a teacher desires to remake entire units or add a weekly STEM connection to existing content.


Although this page will update as new resources surface, the following links contain useful content for teachers in any discipline who want to promote STEM and broaden students' understanding of its relevance.

Resources

PBS STEM Resources

Nearly 600 STEM-related videos are ready to play from this site. Some feature STEM careers, while others focus on STEM knowledge and experiments and are conveyed in minimal time, so are easily added to existing curriculum without impacting the timing of planned activities.

Projects at High Tech High

High Tech High was built to embrace the burgeoning tech and PBL culture and has proven that both pedagogical shifts work to engage and inspire students. This site provides actual projects used the HTH in a variety of grade levels.

Edutopia

This site is the repository of PBL gurus. In fact, project-based learning is one of the organization's core principles. Founded by George Lucas, the site hosts resources for brain-based learning, game-based learning, classroom technology, and social-emotion learning, to name a few.

Buck Institute for Education

One of the most active and long-living advocates for project-based learning, the Buck Institute has up-to-date resources to read, view, and engage, including social networking sites to connect to other teachers utilizing PBL.

Exemplars of STEM Education Programs

STEM education as a formalized curriculum has been part of schools for almost 20 years, generating interest in the sciences through project-based learning. That means a significant compendium of exemplary programs exists and has demonstrated efficacy for implementation in schools from elementary grades through high school.

These are some of the best. Reviewing them will reveal the topics, organization, and processes that provide necessary structures to successful programs. In addition, support that is available from federal organizations and local stakeholders will be apparent and help new projects develop long-term commitments to institutional reform and student success that will ultimately impact national efforts to meet the job market potential for STEM careers.


Resources

A Compendium of Best Practice K-12 STEM Education Programs
This resource features nearly forty programs regarded as exemplars of the best practices in K-12 STEM education programs meeting four criteria:  challenging content and curricula, an inquiry-based learning environment, defined outcomes and assessments, sustained commitment and continuity.

NEA's 10 Best STEM Resources
This list of curriculum resources and professional development opportunities highlight websites, simulations, and curricular resources for integrating STEM concepts in the classroom. Additional resources point educators to free STEM certification programs and CEU opportunities at accredited institutions.

National Science Foundation's "Resources for STEM Education"
Funded in part by the NSF, these highlighted programs and resources include a sampling of projects being developed across the country.

Technology Education's STEM Resources
An online directory of technology and computer education resources, this database links sites that are useful for all audiences, from parents and students to educators. Resources on social media, lesson plans, student mentorships, grant programs, and a "Women in STEM" section are unique features of this resource.